NATURAL PESTICIDE PRODUCING PLANT

In the world of agriculture, pesticides derived from plants began to glance
you are welcome. Indonesia is rich in various natural potential resources
natural pesticide producing plant.
A. Potential Pesticide Producing Plants
From the past until now, the use of pesticides is one
alternatives to secure the world's agricultural production. Great success
achieved in the control of pests and diseases with the use of pesticides
was after World War II, the beginning of a new era as the use of synthetic organic insecticides, such as DDT and BHC. The use of chemical pesticides
it can secure agricultural production economically, because
Chemical pesticides have the following comparative advantages.

1. Very mangkus (effective).
2. Practical and flexible, easily done in terms of anytime and
by anyone, either on routine or emergency situation
3. Matches or is compatible with other control techniques
In subsequent developments, increased use of pesticides
exponentially, both types, doses, and intervals of use. In
Indonesia, there are more than 25 types of pesticides used by farmers,
16 species of which are insecticides that are used by vegetable farmers
plateau. Datatan vegetable farmers is low, for example in Tegal District
and Brebes, have used 15 types of insecticides to control
plant pests chili, and 12 types of insecticides to control
plant pests onion.
The results showed that in Bandung regency, especially
in the centers of highland vegetable production, the use of insecticide in
level of farmers is very intensive, with an interval of spraying
between 1 - 2 times per week with a concentration of between 0.7% - 0.45%.
In these circumstances, the cost of pesticide use in vegetable cultivation,
such as cabbage labeled ai 30%, tomatoes 50%, and potatoes 40% of the total
production variables. While in Tegal regency and Brebes, spraying
insecticides should be done every 2 - 3 days, with a volume spraying of
125 - 900liter/ha each application on chilli plants and from 500 to 1000 literAra
the onion plant.
Based on these findings, it is known that the use of
pesticides to control pests and plant diseases have
excessive intensifdan done, by the farmers in the lowlands
and plateaus. In addition to the waste, the use of pesticides
intensively and over also create many problems
serious and adverse human and animal. The consequence of the use of pesticides
in intensifdan excessive include the following.
1. Can be toxic to humans and domestic animals.
2. Poisoning organisms useful, such as natural enemies of pests, bees
and insects that help pollinate, and wildlife that support
nature conservation functions.
3. Pollute the environment with all its consequences, including pesticide residues.
4. Lead to new strains of pests resistant to pesticides.
5. Cause the occurrence of pests or events resurgensi increased
pest population after being treated with certain pesticides.
6. Explosion caused a secondary pests and potential pests'
7. Require expensive because the nature of the dependence of success
cultivation of crops on pesticides.
Seeing the number of negative impacts arising from the use of
chemical pesticides in an effort to control pests and plant diseases,
it is necessary to find an appropriate control techniques and safe for human
and the environment, as well as the body mangkus target.
One component of pest and disease control are currently
being developed is the use of pesticides or plant compounds
natural bioactive plant. In addition to producing compounds
primary (primary metabolite), in the process of plant metabolism also
produce secondary compounds (secondary metabolite), such as phenol,
alkaloids, terpenoids, and other compounds. These secondary compounds are
plant defense against pest attack. Knowledge and research
of these botanical pesticides have been carried out in countries
forward, such as America, Japan, and European countries.
Protection (protection) against harmful plant pests and diseases
by using natural pesticides (plant) has started since the time of
first. For example, sulfur padazamanRomawi been used as a pesticide.
In subsequent developments, many types of plants or parts
plants known to produce toxic insect pests, such as extracts
tobacco leaves, pyrethrin from pyrethrum flowers (Chrysanthemum
cinerariaefoliumYls) and extract a tub plant roots (Derris ellipticaBenth).
In Indonesia, the use of natural pesticides have been held before
1960s, marked by the emergence of the Green Revolution. Green Revolution
implemented in the form of inputs to the process of intensification, extensification,
rehabilitation, and diversification of agricultural products. Wrong
one pesticide input is Pengganggu organism eradication
Plant (OPT), especially for controlling pests and diseases.
Public awareness of the negative impact of chemical pesticides continue to grow.
In line with this, control of nuisance organisms
plants wisely and continue to be developed wisely, to give birth
Control philosophy organism Main Pengganggu Terpadt (Integrated
Pest Management).
To overcome the negative impact of chemical pesticides, can
use natural pesticides or plant materials (back to nature). Indonesia
quite rich in potential for producing toxic plants to combat
nuisance plant organisms. Utilization of this potential can be realized
through the traditional technology and modern technology. Plant
anti-toxin-producing pests or organisms to combat bullying
plants must meet the following criteria: a plant
Annual; requires little nrang, labor, fertilizer, and ait; not
is a host plant or other pests sources; have other uses
other than as a natural pesticide and disinfectant materials can be taken without
deadly plants concerned.
According Balitro, until now, from about 5400 species of plants
which has been known to contain pesticides, was only about
10,000 species metabolite compounds that have been able to diidentifftasi. In Indonesia,
estimated there are more than 100 species of plants that contain
pesticide materials, such as plants srikaya (Annona grabra and A. squa,
mosa), plant Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus qerosus Urb), pyrethrum flowers
(chrysanthemum cinerariefolium VIS), and plants or roots ntba (Derris
elliptica Benth).